Electric Vehicles

Public Transit is even better

Manufacturing a BEV creates about twice the emissions as making an ICE vehicle, primarily due to making its lithium-ion battery

This is likely exaggerated, or certainly not "necessary emissions". You can estimate the production emissions by the cost of the car. EVs are now reaching sticker prices below ICE cars. Especially in China. While making an ICE engine includes significant manual labour, and steel or iron ore production can be decarbonized with Hydrogen, the manufacturing of individual engine parts out of steel is a more intensive process than casting an electric motor casing/stator, and winding some copper.

The China link is that they are the ones most likely to decarbonize mining through either LNG, H2 and electric. With price parity of EVs (happpening in NA too), manufacturing emissions should be very close.

On the point of fuel vs charging, one of the best symbiosis of EVs is home solar, including oversized solar to use less imported energy into home. Cheapest way to charge an EV, and also serve as emergency home power if needed.

What my 40yo diesel has going for it is that it already exists. The production cost has been paid for already. I'm fully prepared to buy an eV or hybrid when it dies but in the meantime it's what I've got. Plus I don't actually drive very much.