this post was submitted on 28 Feb 2025
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Privacy
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Tor browser. Obviously you can't bank with it, but, it's really fine for general browsing. You get some blocking but it's often just a matter of switching exit nodes a few times.
Thanks. Is Tor browser as effective if not used over tor? My tracking blocking is via a VPN that I trust and want to continue using so I wasn't thinking of using tor. I think I read somewhere that using VPN over tor or tor over VPN somehow became less private (I'm not technical so this might not be right - maybe someone could explain it). I was going to use Mullvad as I believe it has many of the same qualities as Tor browser but is more focused on use with a VPN rather than Tor.
Tor browser inherently uses tor, as the other comment says, Mulvad offers tor browser sans tor as Mulvad browser. As per the "do you tor over VPN" issue I think we need to first cover some networking concepts...
So your internet works via protocols, UDP provides a basic connection where you can send unordered messages, TCP works on top of UDP to provide linear order. Things like old video chat and bittorrent work over UDP because you don't care about order, you just want the data as you get it, so the video freezes or glitches, but you get the most recent frame of the video. Things like programs and webpages aren't YOLO about data integrity, so they use TCP which enforces order, so you don't get frames from 1 minute later in your Netflix video out of sync. VPNs provide UDP, which is lower level than TCP, which tor provides, so you can tor over VPN but you cannot VPN over tor.
If you use Mulvad browser from your VPN, you will look like everyone using Mulvad browser from your VPN exit point, which may well just be you, it's fairly esoteric. If you use tor browser, you will appear to be exiting from a tor exit node along with hundreds if not thousands of other tor browser users.
[edit: just realized I forgot to actually address the is it worse to tor over vpn question. There is no privacy impact per you and the site, the question is state surveillance. Mentaloutlaw on Odysee says the feds will extra look at things if you tor from a VPN, but I really don't buy that's how anything works, I think most non-Germany state actors would look at ISP-level tor use to lock you up and not deal with the headache of subpoenaing a VPN provider to find out one rando is using tor]
You got most things right about UDP and TCP. They both work in the transport layer of the OSI model. They are also completely different protocols, related yes but independent.
UDP is "simpler" as it basically throws data packages in to the network and hope they reach their destination. TCP on the other hand has checks in place that verifies that a data package has actually reached its destination.
Mullvad browser is the TOR browser without the TOR network
Tor inside a VPN is fine. Some argue it will make you stand out in comparison with other users of your VPN but that's only a problem if they retain data, and if they do you really wish you'd have used tor...
It depends on your threat model. Using tor via a know vpn endpoint does make you stand out and can be used to profile your traffic. One of the main points of tor is that all users look exactly the same.
If you have e.g. one user out of a 100 using a vpn endpoint instead of some residential ip address that user immediately becomes a much more interesting target. There is information floating around in the web that state actors have control over several entry and exit nodes.