Role Playing Games

Sounds a bit like the Archetype system in Pathfinder 2e. A lot of the customization of your character comes from archetypes, not class features. The nice thing is that most archetypes can be taken by any class, so you can use the "Archer" archetype as a fighter, ranger, rogue, or even as a wizard (though there might be some antisynergy there)

13th age does this. Choose 3 or 4 out of a total pool of X per class. Helps it so no 2 chars of the same class are samey, gives players agency in builds... I love it and it seems a lot mor exciting than a subclass based system like in dnd.

I also feel the talents in 13a are mooostly balanced with each other, but I haven't played it long enough to guarantee this

UESRPG3e uses talents in that way. It helps that spells can be customized too, so that you can be a viking that enhances their axe with ice, or a blizzard evoking ice mage depending on how you invest your talents and skills and how you build your spells.

WFRP (Warhammer Fantasy role play) has a fun system where there are lots of careers, but those careers have talent options. Each talent isn't limited to one career so there is overlap but the combination of talents and skills is what makes the careers unique.