Bee

Superconducting magnets inside a fusion reactor will experience conditions that aren’t seen anywhere on Earth. Materials scientists Susie Speller and Chris Grovenor are trying to predict how long these components can last in this extreme environment

Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV), a devastating pathogen of tomato crops, is vectored by the whitefly Bemisia tabaci, yet the mechanisms underlying TYLVC epidemics are poorly understood. We found that TYLCV triggers the up-regulation of two β-myrcene biosynthesis genes in tomato, leading to the attraction of nonviruliferous B. tabaci. We also identified BtMEDOR6 as a key whitefly olfactory receptor of β-myrcene involved in the distinct preference of B. tabaci MED for TYLCV-infected plants. TYLCV inhibits the expression of BtMEDOR6, canceling this preference and thereby facilitating TYLCV transmission to uninfected plants. Greenhouse experiments corroborated the role of β-myrcene in whitefly attraction. These findings reveal a sophisticated viral strategy whereby TYLCV modulates both host plant attractiveness and vector olfactory perception to enhance its spread.

What measures can protect communities from measles outbreaks?

Vaccination is the best way to protect individuals and communities from measles. It’s also the most effective way to curb an ongoing outbreak.

High rates of vaccination are important because of a phenomenon called herd immunity. When people who are vaccinated do not get infected, it essentially stops the spread of the virus, thereby protecting those who are most susceptible to getting sick. When herd immunity wanes, the risk of infection rises for everyone – and especially for the most vulnerable, such as young children and people who are immunocompromised.

Because measles is so contagious, estimates suggest that 95% of the population must be vaccinated to achieve herd immunity. Once vaccine coverage falls below that percentage, outbreaks are possible.

Having robust public health systems also provides protection from outbreaks and limits their spread. Public health workers can detect cases before an outbreak occurs and take preventive steps. During a measles outbreak, they provide updates and information, administer vaccines, track cases and oversee quarantine for people who have been exposed and isolation for people who are contagious.

The discovery of a biological "third state" between life and death suggests that our cells may possess a form of consciousness. Science is divided.

An experimental treatment for an aggressive and lethal brain cancer has today been published in Nature Medicine, paving the way for a clinical trial to be conducted by researchers at The Brain Cancer Centre.

Would you let a scientist implant a parasite in your brain to treat an illness? The idea of using a parasite as a medical tool might seem outlandish, but it also offers hope for conditions like Parkinsons and Alzheimer’s. Researchers have speculated that if a parasite could deliver drugs directly to the brain, it might help doctors treat these conditions.

An international team of scientists is doing just that. They are using a single-celled parasite known as Toxoplasma gondii, which causes an infection called toxoplasmosis. The parasite naturally travels from the human gut to the central nervous system and delivers proteins to host cells. In the experiment, bioengineers hacked systems within the T. gondii’s cells that produce and release proteins outside the cell, called secretion systems.

A new study shows that exposure to high temperatures adds up to 14 months to older adults' cellular age.

The field’s failure to integrate medical services in the mid-20th century set the stage for its current troubles.

As far as animals go, honey bees are world-class dancers.

While not as deep and complex as a Super Bowl half-time show, the bees' moves, known as the “waggle" dance, convey very specific food foraging instructions to their nestmates. The direction the dancer moves explains to other bees which way to go, and the duration of the waggle dance, or the “run,” shows how far to go. Once other bees have been convinced to follow the directions, they are “recruited.” After receiving the instructions, these recruits leave the hive to find the food their sisters were so excited about.

• Tiny electrodes placed precisely in the brain let people with spinal cord injuries feel sensations of shape, motion, and the orientation of objects on the skin.
• Coupled with further advances in bionic limbs, such technology could eventually help provide an artificial sense of touch.