WoW64
All transitions from Windows to Unix code go through the NT syscall
interface. This is a major milestone that marks the completion of the
multi-year re-architecturing work to convert modules to PE format and
introduce a proper boundary between the Windows and Unix worlds.
All modules that call a Unix library contain WoW64 thunks to enable calling
the 64-bit Unix library from 32-bit PE code. This means that it is possible to
run 32-bit Windows applications on a purely 64-bit Unix installation. This is
called the new WoW64 mode, as opposed to the old WoW64 mode where 32-bit
applications run inside a 32-bit Unix process.
The new WoW64 mode is not yet enabled by default. It can be enabled by passing
the --enable-archs=i386,x86_64 option to configure. This is expected to work
for most applications, but there are still some limitations, in particular:
Lack of support for 16-bit code.
Reduced OpenGL performance and lack of ARB_buffer_storage extension
support.
The new WoW64 mode finally allows 32-bit applications to run on recent macOS
versions that removed support for 32-bit Unix processes.
Wayland driver
There is an experimental Wayland graphics driver. It's still a work in
progress, but already implements many features, such as basic window
management, multiple monitors, high-DPI scaling, relative motion events, and
Vulkan support.
The Wayland driver is not yet enabled by default. It can be enabled through
the HKCU\Software\Wine\Drivers registry key by running:
wine reg.exe add HKCU\Software\Wine\Drivers /v Graphics /d x11,wayland
and then making sure that the DISPLAY environment variable is unset.
ARM64
The completion of the PE/Unix separation means that it's possible to run
existing Windows binaries on ARM64.
The loader supports loading ARM64X and ARM64EC modules.
The 32-bit x86 emulation interface is implemented. No emulation library is
provided with Wine at this point, but an external library that exports the
interface can be used, by specifying its name in the
HKLM\Software\Microsoft\Wow64\x86 registry key. The FEX emulator
implements this interface when built as PE.
There is initial support for building Wine for the ARM64EC architecture, using
an experimental LLVM toolchain. Once the toolchain is ready, this will be used
to do a proper ARM64X build and enable 64-bit x86 emulation.
Graphics
The PostScript driver is reimplemented to work from Windows-format spool files
and avoid any direct calls from the Unix side.
WinRT theming supports a dark theme option, with a corresponding toggle in
WineCfg.
The Vulkan driver supports up to version 1.3.272 of the Vulkan spec.
A number of GdiPlus functions are optimized for better graphics performance.
Direct3D
The multi-threaded command stream sleeps instead of spinning when not
processing rendering commands. This lowers power consumption in programs which
do not occupy the command stream's entire available bandwidth. Power
consumption should be comparable to when the multi-threaded command stream is
disabled.
Direct3D 10 effects support many more instructions.
Various optimizations have been made to core WineD3D and the Vulkan backend.
The Vulkan renderer properly validates that required features are supported by
the underlying device, and reports the corresponding Direct3D feature level to
the application.
D3DXFillTextureTX and D3DXFillCubeTextureTX are implemented.
The legacy OpenGL ARB shader backend supports shadow sampling via
ARB_fragment_program_shadow.
The HLSL compiler supports matrix majority compilation flags.
D3DXLoadMeshHierarchyFromX and related functions support user data loading
via ID3DXLoadUserData.
Audio / Video
The foundation of several of the DirectMusic modules is implemented. Many
tests are added to validate the behavior of the dmime sequencer and the
dmsynth MIDI synthesizer.
DLS1 and DLS2 sound font loading is implemented, as well as SF2 format for
compatibility with Linux standard MIDI sound fonts.
MIDI playback is implemented in dmsynth, with the integration of the software
synthesizer from the FluidSynth library, and using DirectSound for audio
output.
Doppler shift is supported in DirectSound.
The Indeo IV50 Video for Windows decoder is implemented.
DirectShow
The Windows Media Video (WMV) decoder DirectX Media Object (DMO) is
implemented.
The DirectShow Audio Capture filter is implemented.
The DirectShow MPEG‑1 Stream Splitter filter supports video and system streams
as well as audio streams.
The DirectShow MPEG‑1 Video Decoder filter is implemented.
Input devices
DirectInput action maps are implemented, improving compatibility with many old
games that use this to map controller inputs to in-game actions.
Desktop integration
URL/URI protocol associations are exported as URL handlers to the Linux
desktop.
Monitor information like name and model id are retrieved from the physical
monitor's Extended Display Identification Data (EDID).
In full-screen desktop mode, the desktop window can be closed through the
"Exit desktop" entry in the Start menu.
Internationalization
IME implementation is improved, with better support for native Windows IME
implementations. Many tests are added to validate the expected behavior of
these custom IMEs.
Linux IME integration is improved, using over-the-spot or on-the-spot input
styles whenever possible, and more accurate IME message sequences.
Locale data is generated from the Unicode CLDR database version 44. The
following additional locales are supported: bew-ID, blo-BJ, csw-CA,
ie-EE, mic-CA, prg-PL, skr-PK, tyv-RU, vmw-MZ, xnr-IN, and
za-CN.
The user interface is translated to Georgian, bringing the total of full
translations to 16 languages, with partial translations to another 31
languages.
Unicode character tables are based on version 15.1.0 of the Unicode Standard.
The timezone data is generated from the IANA timezone database version 2023c.
Locales using a script name, like zh-Hans, are also supported on macOS.
Kernel
The default Windows version for new prefixes is set to Windows 10.
Address space layout randomization (ASLR) is supported for modern PE binaries,
to avoid issues with address space conflicts. Note that the selected load
addresses are not yet properly randomized.
The Low Fragmentation Heap (LFH) is implemented for better memory allocation
performance.
The virtual memory allocator supports memory placeholders, to allow
applications to reserve virtual space.
The 64-bit loader and preloader are built as position-independent executables
(PIE), to free up some of the 32-bit address space.
Stack unwinding works correctly across NT syscalls and user callbacks.
Internet and networking
All builtin MSHTML objects are proper Gecko cycle collector participants.
Synchronous XMLHttpRequest mode is supported in MSHTML.
WeakMap object is implemented in JScript.
The Gecko engine is updated to version 2.47.4.
Network interface change notifications are implemented.
Cryptography and security
Smart cards are supported in the Winscard dll, using the Unix PCSClite
library.
Diffie-Hellman keys are supported in BCrypt.
The Negotiate security package is implemented.
Mono / .NET
The Mono engine is updated to version 8.1.0.
Builtin applications
The Wine Debugger (winedbg) uses the Zydis library for more accurate x86
disassembly.
WineCfg supports selecting old (pre-XP) Windows versions also in 64-bit
prefixes, to enable using ancient applications with the new WoW64 mode.
All graphical builtin applications report errors with a message box instead of
printing messages on the console.
The systeminfo application prints various data from the Windows Management
Instrumentation database.
The klist application lists Kerberos tickets.
The taskkill application supports terminating child processes.
The start application supports a /machine option to select the
architecture to use when running hybrid x86/ARM executables.
Most of the functionality of the tasklist application is implemented.
The findstr application provides basic functionality.
Development tools
The WineDump tool supports printing the contents of Windows registry files
(REGF format), as well as printing data for both architectures in hybrid
x86/ARM64 PE files.
The composable, default_overload, deprecated, and protected attributes
are supported in the IDL compiler.
The libwine.so library is removed. It was no longer used, and deprecated
since Wine 6.0. Winelib ELF applications that were built with Wine 5.0 or
older will need a rebuild to run on Wine 9.0.
Bundled libraries
The FluidSynth library version 2.3.3 is bundled and used for DirectMusic.
The math library of Musl version 1.2.3 is bundled and used for the math
functions of the C runtime.
The Zydis library version 4.0.0 is bundled and used for x86 disassembly
support.
Vkd3d is updated to the upstream release 1.10.
Faudio is updated to the upstream release 23.12.
LDAP is updated to the upstream release 2.5.16.
LCMS2 is updated to the upstream release 2.15.
LibMPG123 is updated to the upstream release 1.32.2.
LibPng is updated to the upstream release 1.6.40.
LibTiff is updated to the upstream release 4.6.0.
LibXml2 is updated to the upstream release 2.11.5.
LibXslt is updated to the upstream release 1.1.38.
Zlib is updated to the upstream release 1.3.
External dependencies
The Wayland client library, as well as the xkbcommon and xkbregistry
libraries, are used when building the Wayland driver.
The PCSClite library is used for smart card support. On macOS, the PCSC
framework can be used as an alternative to PCSClite.
For PE builds, a cross-compiler that supports .seh directives for exception
handling is required on all platforms except i386.