this post was submitted on 05 Jan 2025
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It's not just due to extinction. If the two species are genetically compatible, but have incompatibilities when mating in the wild, they can be considered distinct.
Ie: Dogs vs Wolves, Galapagos finches
In the case of extinct hominids, this whole conversation tree is argued for years in a series of papers until research convincingly shows the distinction is sufficient to warrant labelling as a new species.