As Poland continues its presidency of the Council of the EU under the slogan “Security, Europe!”, it faces pressing questions about what its vision of security truly entails. So far, Warsaw has put most of its energy into military and border protection. But there is another layer of security that gets far less attention – the long-term risks of foreign control over strategic parts of the economy.
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Poland’s initial openness to Chinese Foreign Direct Investments (FDI) was grounded in the belief that capital from Beijing would bring modernization, jobs, technological know-how, and access to the vast Chinese market. Hutchison’s terminal in Gdynia was emblematic of that vision, as were high-profile investments like Guangxi Liugong’s 2013 acquisition of Huta Stalowa Wola’s construction machinery division. Back then, these deals were celebrated as milestones in Poland’s post-EU accession economic story.
But while Poland was once a willing partner in China’s “Go Global” strategy, its outlook today is far more cautious. As concerns grow over critical infrastructure, technology transfer, and economic dependency, Chinese FDI is increasingly seen through a security lens. Russia’s invasion of Ukraine has only accelerated this shift, highlighting the risks of Chinese control over strategic assets.
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Then came the 2024 incident, when Hutchison unexpectedly blocked an American military vessel from docking at its terminal. The standoff delayed the delivery of American and NATO military aid for Ukraine, raising eyebrows in Warsaw and Washington alike. Polish authorities quickly reclassified the terminal as critical infrastructure – bringing it under tighter scrutiny – but only after the crisis had already unfolded.
The pattern shows up elsewhere too.
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So far, Poland’s focus has remained on traditional defence. If it wants to play a meaningful role in shaping European security, it must look beyond tanks and troops. That means building institutions to monitor foreign investment, coordinate across agencies, and respond proactively – not just under foreign pressure.
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Seems like they forgot to take an important lesson of FDI's success in China - take shared control of the new assets. Neoliberal indoctrination would do that to you.