I sympathize so hard. I actually wrote a post about this a few months ago. I gave up and switched to Tidal, I was tired of hunting for flacs online.
However, if you're more willing to stick with it than I was:
Bandcamp seems to be less used now than it used to be, but is still the king. Qobuz (as you described) have been adding in roadblocks to purchasing albums more and more presumably to push people to streaming. 7digital is is kind of dead, I bought one older album from them and the download didn't work.
On to stuff you didn't mention:
If you like electronic music, Juno Download and Beatport have a solid catalog, but be prepared to pay a lot more than Qobuz or 7digital.
HDtracks is also expensive and I've never used it, but it's been around forever.
Artist websites will sometimes, very rarely, maybe offer lossless downloads (example)
You can also check if you have any local record stores near you, they'll usually have CDs as well. Some will even carry new releases.
Good luck.