In total,1,139 people died during the attack and about 250 taken captive.

The report details a history of misconceptions about the risk posed by Hamas and a refusal to accept warning signs of an attack, as well as the army’s inability to coordinate a response.

The report also noted that the Israeli air force struggled to distinguish between Hamas fighters and Israeli civilians. While the report avoids going into details, the military accepted some Israelis had been killed by friendly fire.

Simultaneous to the attack, investigators found, many aircraft were deployed against the homes of senior Hamas commanders in Gaza instead of defending civilians and soldiers under attack.

Did commanders order the Hannibal Directive? According to several Israeli newspapers, yes, and many civilians died as a result.