I'm an east coaster, so basically the anti-cowboy, but Montana is another one that does come to mind. In King of the Hill, they go to Montana to do the biggest actual cattle related thing of the show.

Alberta, Canada also stands out to me as "cattle county" and they are Montana's neighbor. But as you said though, I'm not sure if that culture is the same as Texas style cowboy culture. That's also why I was interested if anyone outside the US would see their cattle folk as being more "real" cowboy than they see America's cowboys.

There is a saying "all that, no cattle" to refer to someone who dresses the part but has no experience, more of a cowboy role playing, and we definitely have a lot of that everywhere in America.