this post was submitted on 21 May 2025
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As many other said, milli and kilo are the prefix you are going to use 90% of the time, with the exception of centimeters. Food and beverage products are measured in kg, liters or milliliters, furnitures are measured in mm, cm or meters, distances are in meters or kilometers. Everything else is relatively uncommon. If you are not used to them you can still use some rough estimates, at least to get a sense of scale, but it's generally not used by people who learn it first.
For example, the width of a finger is a few centimeres, a bottle of water is usually 1 or 1.5 liters, a leg of an average male is around 1 meter long, a kilometer is how much you walk in 5 minutes, and so on.
As for the writing, the rules are quite simple: the base measurement is always in lowr case (m, g, l), you might see liter written as L instead of l but, while common, is technically wrong. For the modifiers, most are lower case, some are upper case to distinguish
1000 = kilo k 100 = hecta = h 1/10 = deci = d 1/100 = centi = c 1/1000 = milli = m 1000000 = mega = M
There are more specific rules for scientific units of measures, like if the abbreviation of the base unit is more than ine letter, the first is upper case (1 Pascal, the measure of pressure is 1 Pa instead of 1 pa), but if you don't work in STEM, you likely won't care.