In all of these countries the moderate parties failed the people.
Globally, there was a slow redistribution away from the middle and working class since the 70s. Moderate parties were complacent or compliant, they got a few vanity projects in place, but overall just administered the status quo.
Now we're at a point where the theft of wealth reached a level that seriously threatens the livelihoods of ordinary people. I can't speak for other countries, but Germany is simultaneously grinding to a halt and falling apart. It's scary.
The left has no answers, unfortunately. They're busy with identity politics and academic debates and nothing. Trans issues for example are in themselves important, but if you're a worker who doesn't know how to pay rent, a left party that puts trans issues at the top of their priorities isn't exactly super appealing.
The moderates failed at preventing the downfall. The lefties are busy addressing niche issues and ignoring issues that don't fit their view.
The alternative is a far right that doesn't even hide behind nice words, just hate hate hate. And even though their program would fuck most of their voters, hate prevails.
Cattle cars, obviously.